Rnasefree dnase i promega, madison, wisconsin, usa and rna. Epidemiology and antibiogram of riemerella anatipestifer isolated. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, rajeswari shome and others published an outbreak of riemerella anatipestifer infection in ducks in meghalaya find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Due to their similar ecology and morphological and cultural characteristics it is important to differentiate r. Riemerella anatipestifer is a pathogenic bacterium that has spread all over the world and is associated with epizootic infections in waterfowl and other avian species. We conducted surveillance for riemerella anatipestifer ra in wild birds along the east asianaustralasian flyway in south korea. Pdf the outbreak of riemerella anatipestifer ra infection has been confirmed in meattype domestic. Frontiers type b chloramphenicol acetyltransferases are. Acute septicemia and high blood bacterial loading in r. The bacterium is distributed worldwide and is an important cause of infectious disease among waterfowl, turkeys, and chickens sandhu 2008. Present study describes a novel pcr assay that is capable of rapid and species. Overview of riemerella anatipestifer infection in poultry. Pdf riemerella anatipestifer infection in domestic ducks.
Kylt riemerella anatipestifer rt cr d 210 direction for use kylt riemerella anatipestifer realtime pcr detection a. The goal of the present study was isolation and identification of r. Riemerella anatipestifer ra is a nonspore forming, nonmotile, gramnegative rod. It is a highly contagious bacterial disease that causes neurological, respiratory andor gastrointestinal signs in affected ducks. Galleria mellonella larvae have been used as a host model to study interactions between pathogens and hosts for several years. The infection causes serious losses in ducks and geese due to high mortality.
Strains belonging to riemerella anatipestifer serotype 1 are responsible for most of the major disease outbreaks caused by this organism in ducks in thailand. Development of a novel pcr assay specific for riemerella. To answer this question, we constructed an ra mutant deficient in sprt, which. Riemerella anatipestifer ra, the causative agent of duck septicemia, results in high mortality of ducklings and causes great economic losses in duck raising industry. Riemerella anatipestifer is one of the most important pathogens of ducks. Riemerella anatipestifer gldm is required for bacterial. There are 21 known serotypes and infection is spread horizontally between birds.
In this study, a trivalent inactivated vaccine of r. Subsequently, ampvinfected and virusfree birds were exposed 3 to 5 days later. Detected ra were characterized by serotype, antibiotic susceptibility, and sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gram negative bacterial pathogen primarily causing septicaemia in ducks and geese. It is a worldwide septicaemic disease of ducks, turkeys and other birds, caused by riemerella anatipestfer, characterized by serositis, salpingitis, meningitis, and locomotor disturbances and reduced body weight. Frontiers riemerella anatipestifer type ix secretion. Immunogenicity of riemerella anatipestifer broth culture. In this study, we developed an ra vaccine to control virulent serotype 1 and 2 ra, which predominate in worldwide prevalence. Riemerella anatipestifer ra, a major causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa in domesticated ducklings, has a protein secretion system known as the type ix secretion system t9ss. Riemerella anatipestifer is a member of the flavobacteriaceae family.
Abstract we conducted surveillance for riemerella anatipestifer ra in wild birds along the east. Development and evaluation of a trivalent riemerella. Riemerella anatipestifer is responsible for exudative septicemia in ducks. Isolation and identification of riemerella anatipestifer from ducks in malaysia 23 r.
The bacteria is often spread between birds by mucus that has been exhaled. Anatipestifer infection, otherwise known as new duck disease and duck septicaemia, is caused by riemerella anatipestifer previously referred to as pasteurella anatipestifer bacteria. A definitive diagnosis should include genotypic identification pcr amplification of a partial region of the rpob or. Riemerella anatipestifer is an important pathogen of waterfowl, which causes septicemia anserum exsudativa in ducks.
The study is the first atempt to isolate and identify r. Riemerella anatipestifer causes infections in waterfowl and has an adverse economic effect on waterfowl husbandry. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of r. Riemerella anatipestifer infection is a septicaemic acute, peracute, sometimes chronic disease of primarily ducks and geese, but it also affects turkeys, chickens, pheasants, guinea fowls, quails and swans. R anatipestifer is gramnegative, nonsporulating, catalase and oxidase positive, and nonmotile. Development of multiplex pcr assay for rapid detection of riemerella anatipestifer, escherichia coli, and. Animal experiments showed that the ducks that received two immunizations with the vaccine were 100% protected from challenge with strains from. It is a gramnegative bacterium that causes septicaemia and death in young ducks and geese throughout the world. Riemerella anatipestifer drug resistance profiles changed over time, and the only consistent patterns observed were the resistance of r. A trial on preparation of bivalent vaccine against. Original article development of an indirect elisa using. Therefore, the immunogenicity induced by a broth culture bacterin prepared from a local strain 1081 of this serotype was studied in ducks and a protective index pi was derived. Multiple serotypes are often present in one outbreak.
Riemerella anatipestifer is the causative agent of duck septicaemia. Pathogenesis of riemerella anatipestifer in turkeys after. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gramnegative, nonmotile, extracellular. Riemerella anatipestifer infections diseases of poultry. Phylogenetic relationships of riemerella anatipestifer. However, whether the model is useful to interrogate riemerella anatipestifer infection biology remained unknown. We collected 944 wild birds of 34 species from 19 of south koreas major migratory wild bird habitats between 2011 and 2012. Riemerella anatipestifer infection causes serious economic losses in the duck industry worldwide. General kylt riemerella anatipestifer products are intended for the specific detection of bacterial dna of riemerella anatipestifer. Riemerella anatipestifer is the primary etiological agent of contagious septicemic diseases among ducks. In the current study, samples from 50 duck five ducks farm showing septicemia and. Evaluation of protection induced by riemerella anatipestifere.
Laryngeal swab samples collected from three waterfowl slaughterhouses in central taiwan were cultured and suspected isolates of riemerella anatipestifer were identified by api 20ne and 16s rdna pcr. Genetic analyses suggest that this pathogen has a novel protein secretion system, known as the type ix secretion system t9ss. It has been isolated from all kinds of avian hosts, including ducks, turkeys, chickens, and other birds 2, 3. In a previous study, we established a markerless mutation system based on the phes mutant as a counterselectable marker. It is unknown whether the t9ss contributes to the virulence of ra through secretion of factors associated with pathogenesis. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gramnegative bacterium that mainly infects ducks, turkeys and other birds. Riemerella anatipestifer infection in domestic ducks in. Riemerella anatipestifer ra is a gramnegative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, rodshaped bacterium. Construction of a shuttle vector for use in riemerella. The outbreak of riemerella anatipestifer ra infection has been confirmed in meattype domestic ducks anas platyrhynchos for the first time. A group of 11 bacterial strains was isolated during microbiological investigations of pharyngeal swabs collected from domestic pigeons columba livia f. We detailed the codon usage patterns of ra isolates from the available 12 sequenced genomes by multiple codon and.
Riemerella anatipestifer infection riemerella anatipestfer ra infection, duck septicaemia, new duck disease or anatipestifer syndrome. Epidemiology and antibiogram of riemerella anatipestifer. New perspectives on galleria mellonella larvae as a host. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gramnegative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, rodshaped bacterium. Animal experiments showed that the ducks that received two immunizations with the vaccine were 100% protected from challenge with strains from any of. Development of a markerless gene deletion strategy using. Infected birds are characterized by respiratory symptoms, septicemia, pericarditis, perihepatitis, meningitis, and salpingitis sandhu 2008. Riemerella anatipestifer is a welldescribed pathogen of waterfowl and other avian species that can cause septicemic and exudative diseases. Identification and characterization of camp cohemolysin as. Subsequently, 16s rrna gene sequencing was implemented. Before the latest reclassification to the genus riemerella, this bacterium previously belonged to the genera pfeifferella, pasteurella or moraxella 17, 20 ra infection is a bacterial disease that primarily affects domestic ducks 5, 11, 17, and young ducks are. The genetic determinant of the camp cohemolysin, cam, from a strain of r.
Wholegenome sequence analysis and genomewide virulence. Characterization of the hemolytic activity of riemerella. Phenotypic properties of the isolates closely resembled those of members of the genus riemerella within the family flavobacteriaceae. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gramnegative, nonmotile, nonspore forming, and atrichous bacterium belonging to the family flavobacteriaceae in the phylum bacteroidetes.
Complete genome sequence of riemerella anatipestifer. Chromosomal dna from serotype 19 strain 3090 was used to construct a gene library in pbluescript ii sk. The products are suitable for the analysis of samples from birds such as swab samples e. Trivalent riemerella anatipestiferinactivated vaccine. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gramnegative rodshaped bacterium which was first reported by riemer as a pathogen of geese. Development and evaluation of a trivalent riemerella anatipestiferinactivated vaccine haiwen liu, axiaolan wang, achan ding. It is encountered as acute or chronic septicaemia and is characterized with serous fibrinous polyserosites. Riemerella anatipestifer is a major pathogenic agent of duck septicemic and exudative diseases. Riemerella anatipestifer ra belongs to the flavobacteriaceae family and can cause a septicemia disease in poultry. Riemerella anatipestifer ra infection is a contagious disease in domestic ducks, turkeys and other fowl.
Riemerella anatipestifer is a gramnegative bacteria that can cause disease in a wide variety of wild and domesticated birds, especially waterfowl. The synonymous codon usage patterns of bacteria reflect a series of evolutionary changes that enable bacteria to improve tolerance of the various environments. Comparative genomics of riemerella anatipestifer reveals. Riemerella anatipestifer infection in ducks is an epizootic disease causing huge economic losses. Riemerella anatipestifer is a significant pathogen of waterfowl and turkeys. Respiratory tract and skin wounds are speculated to play important. The drug tolerant persisters of riemerella anatipestifer.
Identification of riemerella anatipestifer genes differentially. The ducklings at the age of 18 weeks are especially susceptible. Riemerella anatipestifer ra infections cause major economic losses in the duck industry. Anatipestifer infection duckdvm diseases and conditions az. Pdf an outbreak of riemerella anatipestifer infection in ducks in. Isolation and polymerase chain reactionbased identification of riemerella anatipestifer from ducks in kerala, india how to cite this article article pdf available in veterinary world 710. Riemerella anatipestifer infections cause major economic losses in the duck industry. R anatipestifer possesses few characteristic phenotypic properties, so isolation and identification procedures should be polyphasic. Pdf riemerella anatipestifer infection in domestic ducks in japan.
It usually occurs in young birds of 18 weeks of age. Antibiotic susceptibility of riemerella anatipestifer. University of california, davis, california animal health and food safety laboratoryturlock branch, 1550 n. Isolation and polymerase chain reactionbased identification of riemerella anatipestifer from ducks in kerala, india, veterinary world 79. It is a rodshaped, gramnegative bacterium infection with which results in 20%30% morbidity and 5%20% mortality in waterfowl displaying septicaemia and infectious serositis 12, 16, 17. Serum agglutination was used for serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Riemerella anatipestifer infection in domestic ducks in japan, 2014. Riemerella anatipestifer infection in ducks induces il17a. Riemerella anatipestifer ra is the causative agent of septicaemic and.
We established a strategy for vaccine candidate screening, and selected strains d15rda92 serotype 1 and d14rda8 serotype 2. The phylogenetic and present taxonomic position of riemerella anatipestifer was established by segers et albased upon rrna cistron similarities, r. The disease is caused by an organism related to pasteurella called riemerella anatipestifer. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the merck vet manual. Isolation and identification of riemerella anatipestifer. This may lead to high mortality and significant economic losses both from direct fatalities and carcass condemnation there are 21 known serotypes with no crossreactivity between them. The aim was to isolate and characterize riemerella anatipestifer organisms from disease outbreaks in ducks in kerala. The genome sequence of this species is presented herein. Overview of riemerella anatipestifer infection in poultry poultry. Genome sequence of avirulent riemerella anatipestifer. Briefly, 16wkold specificpathogenfree chicken antisera against the reference serotypes 1, 4, and 7 were.